Chapter 5:Information in Indian Language

Information in Indian Language

Q.1. Fill in the blanks:

1. Documents and websites in regional languages can now be created because of Unicode.
2. Devanagari script is used to write or type in Marathi.
3. ASCII is a character encoding system.
4. Phonetic conversion of text from one script to another is called transliteration.
5. Inscript keyboard maps an Indian script on an English keyboard.
6. Embedded Google translate web element makes a web page available in other languages.

Q.2. State whether the following statements are true or false.

1. Unicode will make e-governance application possible for all the constitutionally recognized Indian languages.  True
2. Systems which recognize Unicode can read and process data in only one language. False
3. Unicode is also known as the Universal alphabet.  True
4. All Unicode fonts support multiple scripts. True
5. Transliteration and translation mean the same. False
6. Google dictionary is method to look-up ward meanings across languages. True
7. Google translate is a free automatic translator. True
8. You can translate an entire web page directly from Google Translate. True
9. Google Translate supports translation into Marathi. False
10. Marathi Wikipedia has more than 40 lakh articles. False

Q.3. Fill in the blanks:

1. The Unicode specification (standard) was created to make documents readable across operating systems and platforms.
2. Unicode is also known as UTF -8
3. Transliteration is related to phonetic (representation)
4. The Google translate web element makes a website available in other languages.
5. English Wikipedia was launched in  2001
6. Presently, Marathi Wikipedia has more than 35 thousand articles.

Q.4. Rewrite the following statements by selecting two correct options.

1. ASCII and Unicode are character encoding standards.
2. Phonetic and Insrcipt are the types of keyboard used for typing in Indian languages.
3. Google transliteration and Google dictionary are built in Google Translate

Q.5. Answer the following

1. What is Unicode?

Unicode is the universal character encoding standard, developed by the Unicode Consortium. Unicode standard assigns a unique identifier to more than 1 million characters, covering all the major, minor and historic scripts of the world and many mathematical and other symbols.

3. What is UTF-8?

UFT stands for UCS Transformation Formats. UTF-8 encodes each of the more than 1 million Unicode characters using one to four 8 bit bytes. UTF-8 encoding standard ensures that data and documents are stored in a consistent manner so that there is no problem while transporting documents access operating systems, proof checking, translation and searching.

4. What is an inscript keyboard?

In this layout all the vowels and vowel signs are placed on the left side of the keyboard and the consonants on the right side. It is the default layout for  text entry in Indian languages.

5. What phonetic keyboard?

In this typing of word or character are to be typed according to pronunciation. Due to the typing of Marathi and Hindi becomes easy for the English Keyboard users.

7. Explain Google Transliteration?

Google transliteration offers an option for converting the sound of the words from one alphabet to the other and not their meaning.

8. Give the Marathi transliteration of the following IME:

Refer page no.

Give the output of the following using Baraha IME

Refer Pg.

10. What is google translate Web Element?

The google translate web element allows to instantly view web pages in other languages.

It offers the visitors of the webpage the option to view a translated version of the website.

11.Write a short note on Wikipedia.

Wikipedia is a free information base. Anybody can publish their information on Wikipedia. The publishers are not paid for posting. Due to the contribution of many writers, visitors can get quality information on various topics. English Wikipedia was launched in 2001, there are more than 40 lakh articles published.

In 2003 Marathi Wikipedia was launched. There are around 35000 articles  in Marathi.

12. Write a short note on Marathi Wikipedia.

In 2003 Marathi wikipedia was launched. Marathi knowledge will be improved due to the wikipedia. 

There are about 35000 articles in Marathi. 

Marathi bearers gain more knowledge and get quality information. 

Q.6. Answer the following:

1. Explain Google Translate in detail

Google Translate is a free automatic translator. It uses the state of art technology. Translate supports a lot of Indian Languages.

To translate words and phrases instantly, select the translation language and simply type the text. The result appears instantly as you type.

Some languges are difficult to type like Marathi, Russian, hindi it needs a special keyboard. Google translate helps to type in English as the word sounds phonetically.

The google translate web element allows to instantly view web pages in other languages.

It also offers the option to view a translated version of the website.

Chapter 6: Geogebra

Geogebra

Q.1 Fill in the blanks: (1 mark each)

1. The menu command used for hiding the axes is Axes.
2. The tool used for the measurement of an interior angle is the Angle tool.
3. Click Edità show to show and edit all the created objects.
4. Constructed objects and graphs of functions are shown in the Graphics view.
5. An angle bisector can be constructed by clicking the segment between two points tool, twice in succession.

Q.2 State whether the following statements are true or false: (1 mark each)

1. Students can learn mathematics using computer with the help of software called Geogebra. True
2. Midpoint of a segment can be found without using the ‘Midpoint or centre’ tool or the Input bar. True
3. Commands in GeoGebra can be selected from the list next to the input field on the Input bar.True
4. When a segment is drawn using the ‘Segment with Given Length from Point’ tool, Moving the end-point of the segment changes the length of the segment.  False
5. With the ‘New Point’ tool selected, clicking at the intersection of two objects adds a New point at the intersection.                                                                           True
6. GeoGebra can be used to solve simultaneous equations geometrically.                  True
7. The GeoGebra screen [window] is divided into three parts.                                     True
8. By default, the GeoGebra window displays three views – Algebra, Graphics and Spreadsheet.   False
9. The command to draw a histogram is Histogram [{list of data} {list of class boundaries}].         False
10. For statistical calculations in GeoGebra, a list can be created without the Spreadsheet View.      True

Q.3 Multiple choice questions: (Single Correct Answer) (1 mark each)

1. GeoGebra was created by Markus Hohenwarter.
2. To save the construction, select file tab and click the save button
3. A file created in GeoGebra is saved with the .ggb extension.
4. A segment of fixed length is drawn using the Segment with Given Length from Point tool.
5. A histogram of a data list is drawn by typing the histogram command in the Input bar.
6. The Mode[] command in GeoGebra must be supplied with data list as parameter.
7. The Input bar is used to input data required for calculations and geometric constructions.

Q.4 Multiple choice questions: (Two Correct Answers) (2 marks each)

1. Every object in GeoGebra has algebraic and geometric representations.
2. In Geogbra, you can do different   algebraic and geometric constructions and process easily with the help of set of instructions.
3. Class boundaries specified in the Histogram[] command determines width and position of each bar of the histogram.
4. The Input bar in GeoGebra  has input field and command button.
5. Two tools in GeoGebra to draw a circle of specific radius are Circle with Centre and Radius and Compass.
6. Different complicated theorems and geometrical constructions can be understood very clearly with the help of GeoGebra.

Q.6. Answer in brief

2. Explain Graphics View and Algebra View in Geogebra.

Graphic view : Different geometric construction and graphs can be drawn in this view.

Algebra view: it shows different mathematical calculations and equations related to the graphic view.

Input bar: it is used to input data required for calculations and geometric constructions.

5. What is the use of Geogebra in statistic?

 Statistics is an important branch of mathematics which deals with analysis of various complex surveys and calculations. Geogbra has a range of statistical uses which can be used with or without the Spreadsheet view. It has number of statistical functions and graphing tools. Eg. Mean, median, mode, Drawing a histogram etc.

Q.7.

4. What would you use to type the equation for drawing graph?

• Input bar is used to create and modify algebraic coordinates and equations.
• Click in the input bar.
• Type the given equation in the input bar. Right click in the graphic view select the grid.
• Press enter key from the keyboard. You will get the graph for the given equation.

5. Give two methods to find mean, median and mode of a given list.

Method 1: Using Input Bar:

• Click in input bar and type following commands.
• To calculate mean : mean[given data] . Press Enter.
• To calculate median : median[given data] . Press Enter.
• To calculate mode: mode[given data] . Press Enter.

Method 2: Using Spreadsheet view:

• Click View menu. Click on the Spreadsheet view.
• Type the data on spreadsheet in column A.  
• Click and drag the mouse to highlight the data.
• Click create list button.
• Create list dialogue box will appear. Click create.
• A list will appear in algebra view. 
• Click sum button. A button menu will appear.
•  Click mean to calculate mean.

6. Give two methods in geogebra for creating a list and hence to draw the histogram.

Method 1 :  Use the input bar

Type the command histogram[{list of class boundries}, {List of raw data}]. The class boundries determines the width and position of each bar of the histogram.

Method 2: Use the spreadsheet view

• Click on the view menu, select the spreadsheet view.
• Type the class boundries in the first column.
• Type the data in the second column.
• Select the column, right click on the column and select create list for column A and B.
• A list appears with a name list1, list2.
• Type the command histogram{list1,list2}
• Geogebra will construct the following histogram.

8. Practical Questions:

9. Draw a circle of radius 2.9cm using the ‘Circle with center and radius tool’. Draw a tangent to the circle at a point using the ‘tangent’ tool.

• For the circle. Select the circle with center and radius tool.
• A dialogue box appears type the radius 2.9cm and click ok. A circle appears on the screen.
• Take a point on the circle using the new point tool and plot a point.
• To draw a tangent select point and the circumference of the circle respectively a tangent will be constructed at the point.

10. Draw a circle of radius 3.1 cm. Draw tangents to the circle from a point 6.5 cm away from the center.

• Draw a segment of 6.5cm. A seg AB appears.
• For the circle. Select the circle with center and radius tool from point A.
• A dialogue box appears type the radius 3.1cm and click ok. A circle appears on the screen.
• To draw a tangent select point B and the circumference of the circle respectively two  tangents will be constructed from the point to the circle.

  

12. Plot the points : A(4,-3) and B(-2,5), join them and find equation of the line.

• To plot the point: In the input bar type A=(4,-3) and B=(-2,5).
• Join the points A and B using the line tool.
• Geogebra will automatically generate the equation of the line and display in the algebra view.

15. Verify that a segment drawn from the center of a circle to the midpoint of a chord is perpendicular to the chord.

• Select the Circle with Center through Point tool. Click at a point A draw a circle at another point B. This draws a circle c with A as the center and radius AB.
• Using the New Point tool, add point C on the circumference of the circle.
• Select the Segment between Two points tool and draw a chord BC.
• Select the midpoint or Center tool and click on the chord to get its midpoint D.
• Select the segment between two points tool and draw the segment connecting A and D.
• Select the Angle tool, and click on the vertices A, D and C. This shows mÐADC as α= 90.
• This verifies that the segment drawn from the center of the circle to the midpoint of the chord, is perpendicular to the chord.

16. Verify that the angle subtended by an arc at the center is twice the angle subtended at the circumference.

• Select the Circle with Center through Point tool. Click at a point A draw a circle at another point B. This draws a circle c with A as the center and radius AB.
• Using the New Point tool add two point C and D on the circumference of the circle.
• Select the Segment between two points tool and draw the segment AB, AC, DB and DC.
• Select angle tool. Click on the points BA, AC this measure the angle subtended by the arc CB, ÐBAC, as α, Similarly, click on the segments DB and DC. this measure the angle ÐBDC  subtended by the arc CB at the circumference.

4.ICT IN DAY-TO-DAY LIFE

Q.1 Fill in the blanks:

1. ICT has become a powerful tool in the fight against world poverty.
2.  ICT is providing developing countries with an unprecedented opportunity to meet vital Development goals.
3.   ICT is used in industry to support supply chain management.
4. Due to ICT, people are tending to become more individualistic and introvert.
5. E-governance uses ICT to work as a bridge between government and citizens.

Q.2 State whether the following statements are true or false: 

1. ICTs cannot help developing countries in meeting vital development goals.      False
2. Global economy means borderless economy.                  True
3. ICT is one of the development pillars to gain national competitive advantage.      True
4. Use of ICT blocks cognitive development of students.               False
5. The sole objective of teaching at school is to give information.            False
6. ICT cannot be used in evaluation process.                  False
7. A virtual laboratory does not provide students the freedom to manipulate any Attribute or variable related to an experiment.                  False
8.  Online tutoring uses VSAT.                        True
9. Some students need academic support outside the school.            True
10. The computers, networking and the Internet are the backbones of the banking System.                                 True
11. NEFT stands for National Electronic Fund Transfer.               True
12. RTGS stands for Real Time Gross System.                  False
13. E-commerce makes buying and selling activities slower.               False
14. Higher bandwidth has made high speed broadband connectivity possible.      True
15. There are no negative impacts of ICT on society or individual.            False
16. A computer cannot harm users if they use it for long hours frequently.         False
17. One of the ways people become aware of ICTs and related services is through the media.  True

Q.3 Multiple choice questions: (Single Correct Answer) 

1. ICT has become a powerful tool in the fight against world poverty.
2. ICT is one of the economic development pillars to gain national competitive advantage.
3. ICT can be used at both school and higher education levels for online tutoring.
4. Computerized assessment of answer sheets has been successfully implemented in competitive exams.
5. The launch of digital TV got considerable coverage as it is a product promoted by television companies.
6. RTGS stands for Real Time Gross Settlement.
7. National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) is one of the uses of ICT in banking.

Q.4 Multiple choice questions: (Two Correct Answers)

1. The lack of appropriate business information at the right time will result in low production and quality research.
2. ICT can be used at both school and higher education levels for evaluation and remedial teaching.
3. In the education sector, students and administrators benefit from the use of ICTs.
4. ICT can help in promoting local products and tourism to the world.
5. Health problems due to frequent long sessions on computer are eyestrain and physical stress.
6. Challenges of ICT in education are cognitive development and problem based learning.
7. The popular discussions groups are facebook and yahoo groups.
8. Facebook and Orkut are popular discussions groups.

Q.5. Answer in brief:

1. What are the advantages of ecommerce to the economy.

• To boost up economy.
• Helps buying and selling activities easier, efficient and faster.
• For this they use computer, internet and shared softwares.

2. How can ICT be used to connect to collegues, friends and realtives.

With capability of bandwidth, broadband and connection speed, any information can be shared via email. With friends, business partner instantly. It saves time and is inexpensive.

3. How can information be shared and updated with the use of ICT?

Using ict information, news, opinion, mailing list, forums  can be shared by people all around the world by using popular groups on the internet like facebook, orkut, google groups and yahoo groups.

4. Write a short note on social problems due to ICT.

• There are negative effects of ict. It has created social problems in the society.
• People choose online communication rather than real time conservation.
• People tend to become more individualistic and introvert.
• Social Networking sites can cause adverse effect on young minds.

5. Write a short note on the negative impacts of ICT on health.

• Computers harm users if they use it for long hours frequently.
• Computer users are exposed to bad posture, eyestrain and mental stress.

6. How do people find out about ICTs through media?

• Media use is important activity for acquiring knowledge about the product and use it for innovations.  
• We can be aware of many innovations and other peoples experiences and assessments.
• There is great deal of advertising for consumer products by using internet access, computers, mobile phone.
• Different programs, magazines and newspaper give different coverage depending on how they view their audience and thus exposure to ideas, endorsement will vary.
• Advertising campaigns for multimedia related products and services are one source of exposure.
• Media makes people aware of innovations an help them know of certain products and systems.

Q.6. Answer the following?

1. State any four usage of ICT in day to day life.

Education : Students and teachers use ICT to enhance learning and cognitive skills. Research and school administrators can collect and analyse data.

Banking: It has transformed entire banking to ebanking

Industry: It is used for product designing and inventory control.

Ecommerce: For efficient buying and selling online.

E-Governance: Provides easy access to government services and payment of taxes.

Personal activities : For banking transaction, share trading, booking tickets and online shopping.

Employment: Service industry are providing new jobs to youth and women.

Personal and Community : It is used for socializing and contacting friends and relatives.

2. List any four areas for which ict can be used in shool and higher education.

ICT is being used both at school and higher education levels in the following areas:

• Teaching
•  Remedial Teaching
•  Evaluation
•  Development of Virtual Laboartory
• Online Tutoring
•  Development of Reasoning and Thinking
• Research and development methodology
• Instructional Material Development.

3. Describe the usage of ICT in banking and Industry.  

In Banking

• Customers can carry out online transaction (24 x 7)
• Businessmen can save time, access company accounts  for loan application, business transaction and update their cash flow anytime.
• Bank admins can monitor entire banking activities such as reconciliations, inter branch activities, telegraphic transfer, RTGS, NEFT fund transfer.

In Industry

• Workers: Use machine to carry out routine task. Robots are used to take over jobs that are dangerous. 
• Researchers: use it to analyze and collect research data for development.
• Administrator: use to oversee the entire operation plant or factory.

4. State the usage of ICT for personal activities.

• Read news papers.
• Connect ourselves to our family, relatives or collegues while away from home by using email, messenger, conference call or video conference.
• Carry out electronic transaction through Debit/Credit cards, net banking, trading of shares.
• Book Air / Rail tickets
• Purchase books/ office equipments through commercial website.
• Learn thorough interactive web sites.
• Watch television.

5. Explain the challenges of ICT in poverty reduction and developing countries.

Omit

Chapter 4 - ICT Soft Tools : Spreadsheet

Chapter 4 - ICT Soft Tools : Spreadsheet

Q.1 Fill in the blanks:

1. Excel is software in the Microsoft Office Suite which is used principally for accounting.
2. Excel 2007 adds the extension .xlsx to every workbook filename.
3. Spreadsheets of an Excel workbook are called Worksheet.
4. In Excel, cells are formed by the intersection of rows and columns.
5. A selected cell in an Excel worksheet is called a/an active cell.
6. The name box in Excel displays the address of the active cell.
7. To add the values in a selected row, column or cell, F2 option is used in Excel.  OR    In Excel, the function key F2 is used to place the insertion point inside a selected cell.
8. In Excel, the result of the formula, = 5+2^3, is 13.
9. XY scatter chart in Excel is (usually) used for scientific data analysis.
10. In Excel, Form facility is used to complete one entry at a time.    OR
11. In Excel, a form is used for data entry, one field at a time.  

Q.2 State whether the following statements are true or false:

1. Simple cell is the one in which information is being entered.           True
2. We can minimize the Ribbon in a Microsoft Office Application to display only the names of the tabs by double clicking on the name of the active tab. True
3. There are keyboard shortcuts for every button/icon on the Ribbon. True
4. The cell at the first row and first column of an Excel worksheet is referenced as A1.         False   
5. The address of the active cell of a worksheet can be seen in the Formula bar. False
6. In Excel, to place the insertion point inside a selected cell, you double click inside the cell or press the function key F2.       True
7. In Excel, if the text is too long, it is displayed in the right side of the cell as if they are empty. True
8. When we select the Wrap Text option, all the text in a single cell is displayed on multiple lines.OR  When we select the Wrap Text option in the Alignment group of the Home tab, the cell height adjusts according to the text without any change in the cell width. True
9. By default, Excel 2007 enters time as AM.                                                    True
10. Excel 2007 considers a leading plus sign as a defining formula.                   False
11. The formula in Excel, =A5+D5, returns the sum of the numbers in the cells A5 and D5. True
12.  Suppose the cell B2 of a worksheet contains the formula, =A$1. If you copy The cell B2 to B3, the formula changes to =B$1. False
13. The formula in Excel, =MEAN (A5:D5), returns the arithmetic mean of the numbers in the range A5 to D5. False
14. In Excel, the formula =5+3*2 and = (5+3)*2 give the same result, viz., 16.  True

Q.3 Multiple choice questions ( Single Correct Answer):

1. Excel 2007 adds the extension .xlsx to every workbook filename.
2. When we open Excel 2007, the default number of worksheets present in a workbook are 3.
3. By default, number data type in a worksheet cell is displayed horizontally right aligned.
4. In Excel, a single click on any of the small arrows at the end of a scroll bar scrolls the active worksheet one cell at a time.
5. Right- clicking on any of the tab scrolling buttons in Excel 2007 displays the list of worksheets in the active workbook.
6. To select all cells in a worksheet, click the diagonal arrow at the intersection of row & column headers.
7. The Page Layout view in Excel 2007 is similar to the Print Layout view in Word 2007.
8. Find the odd one out from the following: 24/08/1971.
9. Find the valid time from the following: 02:26.
10. In Excel 2007, the mathematical expressions are referred as formulas.
11. The Union operator combines a range of cells on a worksheet for calculations.

Q.4 Multiple choice questions ( Two Correct Answer):

1. In Excel 2007, each worksheet can contain 10,48,576 rows, 16,384 columns. 
2. In Excel 2007, which of the following is true about a cell? It is formed by the intersection of a row and a column, It is identified by a unique address.
3. In Excel 2007, country specific special formats can be applied to which of the following data type?    Date, Time. 
4. Which of the following characters can we use while specifying a date in Excel?  Forward slash[ / ], Hyphen (- ).

1. In Excel 2007, functions are built-in, predefined formulas.

Q.5. Write short note on:

1. Navigation in Excel 

There are different ways to navigate through a worksheet. You can use the arrow keys, the scroll bars, the sheet bars tabs, the scroll buttons or the mouse.

• To move between cells on a work sheet click any cell or use the arrow keys.
• To move one row up or down. Press the scroll lock on the keyboard and use the up or down arrow keys.
• Roll the mouse wheel button forward or backward to go up and down.
• Press the page up or page down key to move one screen up or down.Changing row height and column width.

2.a Changing column width 

• Double click on the right border the column width automatically increases. 
• Hold the mouse pointer over the right border and drag it inside or outside to decrease or increase the column width.
• Right click on the column header and enter the value in points.

b.Changing row height : 

• Increase the font size or wrap text to the cell and the row height automatically increases.
• Hold the mouse pointer over the bottom border and drag it inside or outside to decrease or increase the row height.
• Right click on the row header and enter the value in points.

Q.6. Answer the following in brief:

1. List the various uses of Excel.

Excel is used to:

• To create marksheet for test papers.
• Create and analyse account statements of banks, business, establishments.
• Create and analyse payroll of employees
• Create and analyse scientific sales and marketing sales.
• Create crosswords.
• Applications of excel are used in all organisation for sales, marketing, accounting,  inventory, management, payrolls, hotel management, schools and colleges.

2. What is a formula in Excel? What are the different types of operators that can be used in a formula.

A formula in excel is an equation beginning with an = sign, it helps to perform calculations. A formula contains constant, operator, cell reference and function. When the cell containing formula is active, the formula is displayed in the formula bar and the result is displayed in actual cell. There are 4 different types of calculations operators, arithmetic, comparison, text and references.  

3.  What are functions? How are function used in Excel

OMIT

4. Suppose the the cells B2 and B5 in a worksheet contains four numbers. How will you use the statistical functions to calculate the sum and average of the above integers.

• Click on the cell B6, click on the arrow below, click on the arrow below the autosum icon on the formula bar or select sum for the drop down list.
• Select range of cells (B2 to B5) and a marquee is seen around and press enter key. The total is displayed in B6.
• Similarly click on cell B7 and from the formula bar select average from the dropdown list.
• Select range of cells (B2:B5) a marquee is seen around, press enter key. The average is displayed in B7.

5. In Excel how will you find i) the number of days ii) the number of working days between the dates 01-07-2011 and 25-07-2012.

• Select a cell, in the formula bar type the formula =date(2012,7,25) – date (2011,7,1) and press enter key.
• Select a cell, in the formula bar type the formula =networkdays(date(2012,7,25) , date (2011,7,1)) and press enter key.

6. In Excel, how you will find i) the date after 10 days from today ii) the date after 10 days before 25-7-2011.

• In the formula bar, type the formula =today()+10 and press enter key.
• In the formula bar, type date (25-07-2011)-10 and press enter key.

Q.7. Answer the following:

Q.7. Answer the following:

1.      What are the advantages of electronic spreadsheet program?

• With the help of suitable formulae, all the calculations can be performed automatically and accurately every time the data is changed.
• There is no wastage of time whenever we need to redo the same calculations again and again just by changing values in one of the cells.
• The pictorial representation of the data in the form of various types of chards is possible with excel.
•  It helps to record, organize and analyse and even graphically represent data of number formats.

2.      Explain the feature of Excel or components of excel.

i.      Title bar: The title bar at the top of the window displays the name of the open document displays the name of the document and the program name.

ii.      Ribbon : It is a graphical user interface panel below the title bar. The commands and options for working with excel are placed here.

iii.      Office Button: It contains a dropdown list of the usual file related commands to open, save and print your file.

iv.      Quick Access toolbar: It is a customizable toolbar that contains a set of commands that re independent of the tab currently displayed.

v.      Worksheet area:  This is the spreadsheet area of the Excel window. It consist of grid of rows and columns where you type of data.

vi.      Formula Bar: Located above the worksheet area, It is used of entering or editing data and formula.

vii.      Name Box: displays the cell name of the active cell.

viii.      Status Bar: Displays the zoom controls, and sheet view.

3.      Explain the different formats available in Excel 2007. Explain how to change the number format. 

i. A constant number is made up of digits 0-9, it also includes arithmetic symbols, currency symbols, symbol for the power of 10, decimal point and a comma.
ii. The default number format is general.
iii. Some of the number formats are :

a.      Number: the no decimal places can be specified, you can specify thousand separator, decide how to display negative no.

b.      Currency: It displays the specified currency symbol with numbers.

c.       Accounting: The accounting format aligns the currency symbol and the decimal point.

d.      Percentage: The percentage format multiplies the cell by 100 and displays the result with a percent symbol.

e.      Scientific format: A scientific format: A scientific format displays a number in exponential notation with a E+.
iv.            The number format of a cell or a range of cells can be changed using the format cells dialog box.

4.      Write a note on cell editing

There are different ways to edit a cell: 

a)      To edit the contents of the cell: a) Place the insertion point in the cell and double click the cell. 

b) click anywhere in the formula bar and place the insertion point. C) Delete or insert a character and press enter key to make changes.

b)     To move or copy cells content: a) Entire cell and their contents can be moved or copied using the cut, copy and paste commands.

a.      To copy : Select a single cell or a range of cells, right click select copy or press ctrl + C to copy to the clipboard. Go to a new cell and  right click select paste or press ctrl +V and paste the contents of the cells.

b.      To move : Select a single cell or a range of cells, right click select cut or press ctrl + X to copy to the clipboard. Go to a new cell and right click select paste or press ctrl +V and paste the contents of the cells.

5.      Write a note on cell references and its types in Excel 2007.

a.       A cell reference is a formula in excel, is the address of a cell or address for the range of cells combined with appropriate reference of cells combined with appropriate reference operators. References to cells in other workbook are called links or external reference.

b.      Absolute references : An absolute reference in a formula referes to the sam cell in a specific location. If the position of the cell that contains the formula changes the absolute reference remains the same. Absolute reference to a cell is given by preceding both the column name and row number by the $ sign. Eg. $E$3

c.       Relative reference: Excel considers the cell address relative to the address of the cell containing the formula. If you copy the formula containing relative reference the reference automatically adjusts.

d.      Mixed reference: A mixed reference has either an absolute column and relative row reference or vice versa. If you copy a formula containing mixed reference, the relative reference automatically but the absolute reference remain the same.

6.     What is a graph or chart? How can different types of graphs or charts be prepared with Excel 2007?

A chart can transform the worksheet data to show comparison, patterns and trends.

To create a chart in Excel we have to follow the sequence of steps :

a.       Select the data we want to graph including the column titles and row labels.

b.      Click Insert Tab and then in the charts group select the type of chart we want.

c.       A variety of sample charts in the selectee category. We can select any one chart out of it.

d.      On the design tab under chart tools, in the type group click change chart type.